TY - JOUR
T1 - Where is the ‘C’ in antenatal care and postnatal care: A multi‐country survey of availability of antenatal and postnatal care in low‐ and middle‐income settings
AU - Madaj, Barbara
AU - Gopalakrishnan, Somasundari
AU - Quach, Alexandre
AU - Filiaci, Simone
AU - Traore, Adama
AU - Bakusa, Dankom
AU - Mdegela, Mselenge
AU - Yousofzai, Abdul Wali
AU - Rahmanzai, Ahmed Javed
AU - Kodindo, Grace
AU - Gami, Jean Pierre
AU - Rostand, Njiki Dounou
AU - Kessely, Hamit
AU - Addo, Stephen Ayisi
AU - Abbey, Mercy
AU - Sapali, Mary
AU - Omar, Ali
AU - Ernest, Alex
AU - Mtandu, Rugola
AU - Agossou, Abram
AU - Ketoh, Guillaume K.
AU - Furtado, Nicholas
AU - Mangiaterra, Viviana
AU - van den Broek, Nynke
PY - 2022/2/1
Y1 - 2022/2/1
N2 - Objective: Antenatal (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) are logical entry points for prevention and treatment of pregnancy‐related illness and to reduce perinatal mortality. We developed signal functions and assessed availability of the essential components of care. Design: Cross‐sectional survey. Setting: Afghanistan, Chad, Ghana, Tanzania, Togo.Sample: Three hundred and twenty‐one healthcare facilities.Methods: Fifteen essential components or signal functions of ANC and PNC were identified. Healthcare facility assessment for availability of each component, human resources, equipment, drugs and consumables required to provide each component. Main outcome measure: Availability of ANC PNC components.Results: Across all countries, healthcare providers are available (median number per facility: 8; interquartile range [IQR] 3–17) with a ratio of 3:1 for secondary versus primary care. Significantly more women attend for ANC than PNC (1668 versus 300 per facility/year). None of the healthcare facilities was able to provide all 15 essential components of ANC and PNC. The majority (>75%) could provide five components: diagnosis and management of syphilis, vaccination to prevent tetanus, BMI assessment, gestational diabetes screening, monitoring newborn growth. In Sub‐Saharan countries, interventions for malaria and HIV (including prevention of mother to child transmission [PMTCT]) were available in 11.7–86.5% of facilities. Prevention and management of TB; assessment of pre‐ or post‐term birth, fetal wellbeing, detection of multiple pregnancy, abnormal lie and presentation; screening and support for mental health and domestic abuse were provided in <25% of facilities. Conclusions: Essential components of ANC and PNC are not in place. Focused attention on content is required if perinatal mortality and maternal morbidity during and after pregnancy are to be reduced.
AB - Objective: Antenatal (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) are logical entry points for prevention and treatment of pregnancy‐related illness and to reduce perinatal mortality. We developed signal functions and assessed availability of the essential components of care. Design: Cross‐sectional survey. Setting: Afghanistan, Chad, Ghana, Tanzania, Togo.Sample: Three hundred and twenty‐one healthcare facilities.Methods: Fifteen essential components or signal functions of ANC and PNC were identified. Healthcare facility assessment for availability of each component, human resources, equipment, drugs and consumables required to provide each component. Main outcome measure: Availability of ANC PNC components.Results: Across all countries, healthcare providers are available (median number per facility: 8; interquartile range [IQR] 3–17) with a ratio of 3:1 for secondary versus primary care. Significantly more women attend for ANC than PNC (1668 versus 300 per facility/year). None of the healthcare facilities was able to provide all 15 essential components of ANC and PNC. The majority (>75%) could provide five components: diagnosis and management of syphilis, vaccination to prevent tetanus, BMI assessment, gestational diabetes screening, monitoring newborn growth. In Sub‐Saharan countries, interventions for malaria and HIV (including prevention of mother to child transmission [PMTCT]) were available in 11.7–86.5% of facilities. Prevention and management of TB; assessment of pre‐ or post‐term birth, fetal wellbeing, detection of multiple pregnancy, abnormal lie and presentation; screening and support for mental health and domestic abuse were provided in <25% of facilities. Conclusions: Essential components of ANC and PNC are not in place. Focused attention on content is required if perinatal mortality and maternal morbidity during and after pregnancy are to be reduced.
KW - developing countries—obstetrics and gynaecology
KW - health services research
KW - maternity services
U2 - 10.1111/1471-0528.17106
DO - 10.1111/1471-0528.17106
M3 - Article
SN - 1470-0328
VL - 129
SP - 1546
EP - 1557
JO - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
JF - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
IS - 9
ER -
