Synthesis, Antimalarial Activity, and Preclinical Pharmacology of a Novel Series of 4′-Fluoro and 4′-Chloro Analogues of Amodiaquine. Identification of a Suitable “Back-Up” Compound for N-tert-Butyl Isoquine

Paul M. O'Neill, Alison E. Shone, Deborah Stanford, Gemma Nixon, Eghbaleh Asadollahy, B. Kevin Park, James L. Maggs, Phil Roberts, Paul A. Stocks, Giancarlo Biagini, Patrick G. Bray, Jill Davies, Neil Berry, Charlotte Hall, Karen Rimmer, Peter A. Winstanley, Stephen Hindley, Ramesh B. Bambal, Charles B. Davis, Martin BatesStephanie L. Gresham, Richard A. Brigandi, Federico M. Gomez-de-las-Heras, Domingo V. Gargallo, Silvia Parapini, Livia Vivas, Hollie Lander, Donatella Taramelli, Steve Ward

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61 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

On the basis of a mechanistic understanding of the toxicity of the 4-aminoquinoline amodiaquine (1b), three series of amodiaquine analogues have been prepared where the 4-aminophenol "metabolic alert" has been modified by replacement of the 4'-hydroxy group with a hydrogen, fluorine, or chlorine atom. Following antimalarial assessment and studies on mechanism of action, two candidates were selected for detailed ADME studies and in vitro and in vivo toxicological assessment. 4'-Fluoro-N-tert-butylamodiaquine (2k) was subsequently identified as a candidate for further development studies based on potent activity versus chloroquine-sensitive and resistant parasites, moderate to excellent oral bioavailability, low toxicity in in vitro studies, and an acceptable safety profile.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1828-1844
Number of pages17
JournalJournal of Medicinal Chemistry
Volume52
Issue number7
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 9 Apr 2009

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