Risk factors for UK Plasmodium falciparum cases

Amy Pinsent; Jonathan M Read; Jamie T Griffin; Valerie Smith; Peter W Gething; Azra C Ghani; Geoffrey Pasvol; Deirdre Hollingsworth

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-298

Risk factors for UK Plasmodium falciparum cases

Amy Pinsent
, Jonathan M Read
, Jamie T Griffin
, Valerie Smith
, Peter W Gething
, Azra C Ghani
, Geoffrey Pasvol
, Deirdre Hollingsworth

Clinical Sciences

Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background

An increasing proportion of malaria cases diagnosed in UK residents with a history of travel to malaria endemic areas are due to Plasmodium falciparum.

Methods

In order to identify travellers at most risk of acquiring malaria a proportional hazards model was used to estimate the risk of acquiring malaria stratified by purpose of travel and age whilst adjusting for entomological inoculation rate (EIR) and duration of stay in endemic countries.

Results

Travellers visiting friends and relatives and business travellers were found to have significantly higher hazard of acquiring malaria (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) relative to that of holiday makers 7.4, 95% CI 6.4–8.5, p < 0. 0001 and HR 3.4, 95% CI 2.9-3.8, p < 0. 0001, respectively). All age-groups were at lower risk than children aged 0–15 years.

Conclusions

These estimates of the increased risk for business travellers and those visiting friends and relatives should be used to inform programmes to improve awareness of the risks of malaria when travelling.

Original language	English
Article number	298
Pages (from-to)	e298
Journal	Malaria Journal
Volume	13
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-13-298
Publication status	Published - 4 Aug 2014

Keywords

Falciparum
Imported malaria
Travel

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1186/1475-2875-13-298Licence: CC BY

Malaria J 13 298Final published version, 636 KBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Risk factors for UK Plasmodium falciparum cases",

abstract = "BackgroundAn increasing proportion of malaria cases diagnosed in UK residents with a history of travel to malaria endemic areas are due to Plasmodium falciparum.MethodsIn order to identify travellers at most risk of acquiring malaria a proportional hazards model was used to estimate the risk of acquiring malaria stratified by purpose of travel and age whilst adjusting for entomological inoculation rate (EIR) and duration of stay in endemic countries.ResultsTravellers visiting friends and relatives and business travellers were found to have significantly higher hazard of acquiring malaria (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) relative to that of holiday makers 7.4, 95\% CI 6.4–8.5, p < 0. 0001 and HR 3.4, 95\% CI 2.9-3.8, p < 0. 0001, respectively). All age-groups were at lower risk than children aged 0–15 years.ConclusionsThese estimates of the increased risk for business travellers and those visiting friends and relatives should be used to inform programmes to improve awareness of the risks of malaria when travelling.",

keywords = "Falciparum, Imported malaria, Travel",

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T1 - Risk factors for UK Plasmodium falciparum cases

AU - Pinsent, Amy

AU - Read, Jonathan M

AU - Griffin, Jamie T

AU - Smith, Valerie

AU - Gething, Peter W

AU - Ghani, Azra C

AU - Pasvol, Geoffrey

AU - Hollingsworth, Deirdre

PY - 2014/8/4

Y1 - 2014/8/4

N2 - BackgroundAn increasing proportion of malaria cases diagnosed in UK residents with a history of travel to malaria endemic areas are due to Plasmodium falciparum.MethodsIn order to identify travellers at most risk of acquiring malaria a proportional hazards model was used to estimate the risk of acquiring malaria stratified by purpose of travel and age whilst adjusting for entomological inoculation rate (EIR) and duration of stay in endemic countries.ResultsTravellers visiting friends and relatives and business travellers were found to have significantly higher hazard of acquiring malaria (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) relative to that of holiday makers 7.4, 95% CI 6.4–8.5, p < 0. 0001 and HR 3.4, 95% CI 2.9-3.8, p < 0. 0001, respectively). All age-groups were at lower risk than children aged 0–15 years.ConclusionsThese estimates of the increased risk for business travellers and those visiting friends and relatives should be used to inform programmes to improve awareness of the risks of malaria when travelling.

AB - BackgroundAn increasing proportion of malaria cases diagnosed in UK residents with a history of travel to malaria endemic areas are due to Plasmodium falciparum.MethodsIn order to identify travellers at most risk of acquiring malaria a proportional hazards model was used to estimate the risk of acquiring malaria stratified by purpose of travel and age whilst adjusting for entomological inoculation rate (EIR) and duration of stay in endemic countries.ResultsTravellers visiting friends and relatives and business travellers were found to have significantly higher hazard of acquiring malaria (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) relative to that of holiday makers 7.4, 95% CI 6.4–8.5, p < 0. 0001 and HR 3.4, 95% CI 2.9-3.8, p < 0. 0001, respectively). All age-groups were at lower risk than children aged 0–15 years.ConclusionsThese estimates of the increased risk for business travellers and those visiting friends and relatives should be used to inform programmes to improve awareness of the risks of malaria when travelling.

KW - Falciparum

KW - Imported malaria

KW - Travel

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DO - 10.1186/1475-2875-13-298

M3 - Article

SN - 1475-2875

VL - 13

SP - e298

JO - Malaria Journal

JF - Malaria Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 298

ER -

Risk factors for UK Plasmodium falciparum cases

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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Cite this