Pyrethroid Resistance Aggravation in Ugandan Malaria Vectors Is Reducing Bednet Efficacy

Magellan Tchouakui; Leon M.J. Mugenzi; Benjamin Menze; Jude N.T. Khaukha; Williams Tchapga; Micareme Tchoupo; Murielle Wondji; Charles Wondji

doi:10.3390/pathogens10040415

Pyrethroid Resistance Aggravation in Ugandan Malaria Vectors Is Reducing Bednet Efficacy

Magellan Tchouakui, Leon M.J. Mugenzi, Benjamin Menze, Jude N.T. Khaukha, Williams Tchapga, Micareme Tchoupo, Murielle Wondji, Charles Wondji

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

34 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Monitoring cases of insecticide resistance aggravation and the effect on the efficacy of control tools is crucial for successful malaria control. In this study, the resistance intensity of major malaria vectors from Uganda was characterised and its impact on the performance of various insecti-cide-treated nets elucidated. High intensity of resistance to the discriminating concentration (DC), 5× DC, and 10× DC of pyrethroids was observed in both Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae in Mayuge and Busia leading to significant reduced performance of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) including the piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-based nets (Olyset Plus). Molecular analysis re-vealed significant over-expression of cytochrome P450 genes (CYP9K1 and CYP6P9a/b). However, the expression of these genes was not associated with resistance escalation as no difference was observed in the level of expression in mosquitoes resistant to 5× DC and 10× DC compared to 1× DC suggesting that other resistance mechanisms are involved. Such high intensity of pyrethroid resistance in Uganda could have terrible consequences on the effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions and urgent action should be taken to prevent the spread of super-resistance in ma-laria vectors.

Original language	English
Article number	415
Pages (from-to)	e415
Journal	Pathogens
Volume	10
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040415
Publication status	Published - 1 Apr 2021

Keywords

An. funestus
CYP9K1
Cytochrome P450
Malaria
Metabolic resistance
Resistance escalation
Uganda
Vector control

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.3390/pathogens10040415Licence: CC BY

Pathogens-1126905 accepted version CWondji May 21Accepted author manuscript, 607 KBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Pyrethroid Resistance Aggravation in Ugandan Malaria Vectors Is Reducing Bednet Efficacy",

abstract = "Monitoring cases of insecticide resistance aggravation and the effect on the efficacy of control tools is crucial for successful malaria control. In this study, the resistance intensity of major malaria vectors from Uganda was characterised and its impact on the performance of various insecti-cide-treated nets elucidated. High intensity of resistance to the discriminating concentration (DC), 5× DC, and 10× DC of pyrethroids was observed in both Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae in Mayuge and Busia leading to significant reduced performance of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) including the piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-based nets (Olyset Plus). Molecular analysis re-vealed significant over-expression of cytochrome P450 genes (CYP9K1 and CYP6P9a/b). However, the expression of these genes was not associated with resistance escalation as no difference was observed in the level of expression in mosquitoes resistant to 5× DC and 10× DC compared to 1× DC suggesting that other resistance mechanisms are involved. Such high intensity of pyrethroid resistance in Uganda could have terrible consequences on the effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions and urgent action should be taken to prevent the spread of super-resistance in ma-laria vectors.",

keywords = "An. funestus, CYP9K1, Cytochrome P450, Malaria, Metabolic resistance, Resistance escalation, Uganda, Vector control",

author = "Magellan Tchouakui and Mugenzi, \{Leon M.J.\} and Benjamin Menze and Khaukha, \{Jude N.T.\} and Williams Tchapga and Micareme Tchoupo and Murielle Wondji and Charles Wondji",

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T1 - Pyrethroid Resistance Aggravation in Ugandan Malaria Vectors Is Reducing Bednet Efficacy

AU - Tchouakui, Magellan

AU - Mugenzi, Leon M.J.

AU - Menze, Benjamin

AU - Khaukha, Jude N.T.

AU - Tchapga, Williams

AU - Tchoupo, Micareme

AU - Wondji, Murielle

AU - Wondji, Charles

PY - 2021/4/1

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N2 - Monitoring cases of insecticide resistance aggravation and the effect on the efficacy of control tools is crucial for successful malaria control. In this study, the resistance intensity of major malaria vectors from Uganda was characterised and its impact on the performance of various insecti-cide-treated nets elucidated. High intensity of resistance to the discriminating concentration (DC), 5× DC, and 10× DC of pyrethroids was observed in both Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae in Mayuge and Busia leading to significant reduced performance of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) including the piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-based nets (Olyset Plus). Molecular analysis re-vealed significant over-expression of cytochrome P450 genes (CYP9K1 and CYP6P9a/b). However, the expression of these genes was not associated with resistance escalation as no difference was observed in the level of expression in mosquitoes resistant to 5× DC and 10× DC compared to 1× DC suggesting that other resistance mechanisms are involved. Such high intensity of pyrethroid resistance in Uganda could have terrible consequences on the effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions and urgent action should be taken to prevent the spread of super-resistance in ma-laria vectors.

AB - Monitoring cases of insecticide resistance aggravation and the effect on the efficacy of control tools is crucial for successful malaria control. In this study, the resistance intensity of major malaria vectors from Uganda was characterised and its impact on the performance of various insecti-cide-treated nets elucidated. High intensity of resistance to the discriminating concentration (DC), 5× DC, and 10× DC of pyrethroids was observed in both Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae in Mayuge and Busia leading to significant reduced performance of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) including the piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-based nets (Olyset Plus). Molecular analysis re-vealed significant over-expression of cytochrome P450 genes (CYP9K1 and CYP6P9a/b). However, the expression of these genes was not associated with resistance escalation as no difference was observed in the level of expression in mosquitoes resistant to 5× DC and 10× DC compared to 1× DC suggesting that other resistance mechanisms are involved. Such high intensity of pyrethroid resistance in Uganda could have terrible consequences on the effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions and urgent action should be taken to prevent the spread of super-resistance in ma-laria vectors.

KW - An. funestus

KW - CYP9K1

KW - Cytochrome P450

KW - Malaria

KW - Metabolic resistance

KW - Resistance escalation

KW - Uganda

KW - Vector control

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DO - 10.3390/pathogens10040415

M3 - Article

SN - 2076-0817

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SP - e415

JO - Pathogens

JF - Pathogens

IS - 4

M1 - 415

ER -

Pyrethroid Resistance Aggravation in Ugandan Malaria Vectors Is Reducing Bednet Efficacy

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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