Pregnant women’s sleep quality and its associated factors among antenatal care attendants in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia

Good sleep quality is crucial for health and body equilibrium, particularly during pregnancy, where changes in sleep are influenced by mechanical and hormonal factors. Poor sleep can hinder daily activities and lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Data on sleep quality are scarce in low and middle-income countries such as Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of sleep quality and its associated factors among pregnant mothers in Bahir Dar City, northwest Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 367 randomly selected pregnant women. All pregnant women who attended public health facilities in Bahir Dar City from November 1st to December 30, 2022 were included except who were critically ill and aged less than 18 years. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Sleep quality was assessed by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Stata v14 was used for data analysis. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with poor sleep quality. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 55.04%. In the multivariable analysis, older maternal age (AOR = 3.62), third trimester (AOR = 2.83), multigravidas (AOR = 2.55), low hemoglobin (AOR = 1.92), and coffee consumption (AOR = 2.19) were associated with poor sleep quality. More than half of pregnant women had poor sleep quality. Women aged ≥ 30 years, 3rd trimester, multigravidas, anemic women, and coffee consumption during pregnancy were factors associated with poor sleep quality. The concerned body should pay attention to improving Hgb level and iron/folate supplementation and reduce coffee intake in pregnant women to improve maternal sleep quality during pregnancy.