Novel in vitro assays for assessing the haemorrhagic activity of snake venoms and for demonstration of venom metalloproteinase inhibitors

Standard methods used for assessing the haemorrhagic toxicity of snake venoms and the effectiveness of antivenoms are laborious, expensive and involve the use of large numbers of laboratory animals. This paper examined the feasibility of using a gelatin degradation ELISA for preliminary screening of snake venom metalloproteinases (MPs). Potent gelatinolytic activity was observed in venoms from snakes of the family Viperidae and, as expected, little or no activity was evident in the venoms of snakes that induce neurotoxic pathology (most elapids). A reverse gelatin zymography assay was used on a variety of venoms to demonstrate a number of inhibitors of MP activity, the first such demonstration of its kind.