Malaria vaccines - how and when to proceed?

In the field of malaria vaccines, there are many barriers to moving lead candidates from the bench into developmental programmes before clinical testing. Many of the same challenges are to be found in the field of vaccines for other infectious diseases. Here, we briefly outline the process of pre-clinical development to help identify ways to support the translation of laboratory-based information into viable vaccine candidates. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.