Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol

Temesgen Ashine; Yehenew Asmamaw Ebstie; Rayyan Ibrahim; Adrienne Epstein; John Bradley; Mujahid Nouredayem; Mikiyas G. Michael; Amani Sidiahmed; Nigatu Negash; Abena Kochora; Jihad Eltaher Sulieman; Alison Reynolds; Eba Alemayehu; Endalew Zemene; Adane Eyasu; Alemayehu Dagne; Elifaged Hailemeskel; Fatou Jaiteh; Dereje Geleta; Ephrem Lejore; David Weetman; Ahmed Mahmoud Hussien; Fadwa Saad; Gudissa Assefa; Hiwot Solomon; Abdelgadir Bashir; Fekadu Massebo; Koen Peeters; Delenasaw Yewhalaw; Hmooda Toto Kafy; Martin Donnelly; Endalamaw Gadisa; Elfatih M. Malik; Anne Wilson

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0309058

Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol

Temesgen Ashine, Yehenew Asmamaw Ebstie, Rayyan Ibrahim, Adrienne Epstein, John Bradley, Mujahid Nouredayem, Mikiyas G. Michael, Amani Sidiahmed, Nigatu Negash, Abena Kochora, Jihad Eltaher Sulieman, Alison Reynolds, Eba Alemayehu, Endalew Zemene, Adane Eyasu, Alemayehu Dagne, Elifaged Hailemeskel, Fatou Jaiteh, Dereje Geleta, Ephrem LejoreDavid Weetman, Ahmed Mahmoud Hussien, Fadwa Saad, Gudissa Assefa, Hiwot Solomon, Abdelgadir Bashir, Fekadu Massebo, Koen Peeters, Delenasaw Yewhalaw, Hmooda Toto Kafy, Martin Donnelly, Endalamaw Gadisa, Elfatih M. Malik, Anne Wilson

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Background

Endemic African malaria vectors are poorly adapted to typical urban ecologies. However, Anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector formerly confined to South Asia and the Persian Gulf, was recently detected in Africa and may change the epidemiology of malaria across the continent. Little is known about the public health implications of An. stephensi in Africa. This study is designed to assess the relative importance of household exposure to An. stephensi and endemic malaria vectors for malaria risk in urban Sudan and Ethiopia.

Methods

Case-control studies will be conducted in 3 urban settings (2 in Sudan, 1 in Ethiopia) to assess the association between presence of An. stephensi in and around households and malaria. Cases, defined as individuals positive for Plasmodium falciparum and/or P. vivax by microscopy/rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and controls, defined as age-matched individuals negative for P. falciparum and/or P. vivax by microscopy/RDT, will be recruited from public health facilities. Both household surveys and entomological surveillance for adult and immature mosquitoes will be conducted at participant homes within 48 hours of enrolment. Adult and immature mosquitoes will be identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Conditional logistic regression will be used to estimate the association between presence of An. stephensi and malaria status, adjusted for co-occurrence of other malaria vectors and participant gender.

Conclusions

Findings from this study will provide evidence of the relative importance of An. stephensi for malaria burden in urban African settings, shedding light on the need for future intervention planning and policy development.

Original language	English
Article number	e0309058
Journal	PLoS ONE
Volume	19
Issue number	9 September
Early online date	3 Sept 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309058
Publication status	Published - 3 Sept 2024

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This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Cite this

Ashine, T., Ebstie, Y. A., Ibrahim, R., Epstein, A., Bradley, J., Nouredayem, M., Michael, M. G., Sidiahmed, A., Negash, N., Kochora, A., Sulieman, J. E., Reynolds, A., Alemayehu, E., Zemene, E., Eyasu, A., Dagne, A., Hailemeskel, E., Jaiteh, F., Geleta, D., ... Wilson, A. (2024). Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol. PLoS ONE, 19(9 September), Article e0309058. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309058

@article{08a1f574af994ab4b78be53e2bab6f30,

title = "Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol",

abstract = "BackgroundEndemic African malaria vectors are poorly adapted to typical urban ecologies. However, Anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector formerly confined to South Asia and the Persian Gulf, was recently detected in Africa and may change the epidemiology of malaria across the continent. Little is known about the public health implications of An. stephensi in Africa. This study is designed to assess the relative importance of household exposure to An. stephensi and endemic malaria vectors for malaria risk in urban Sudan and Ethiopia.MethodsCase-control studies will be conducted in 3 urban settings (2 in Sudan, 1 in Ethiopia) to assess the association between presence of An. stephensi in and around households and malaria. Cases, defined as individuals positive for Plasmodium falciparum and/or P. vivax by microscopy/rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and controls, defined as age-matched individuals negative for P. falciparum and/or P. vivax by microscopy/RDT, will be recruited from public health facilities. Both household surveys and entomological surveillance for adult and immature mosquitoes will be conducted at participant homes within 48 hours of enrolment. Adult and immature mosquitoes will be identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Conditional logistic regression will be used to estimate the association between presence of An. stephensi and malaria status, adjusted for co-occurrence of other malaria vectors and participant gender.ConclusionsFindings from this study will provide evidence of the relative importance of An. stephensi for malaria burden in urban African settings, shedding light on the need for future intervention planning and policy development.",

author = "Temesgen Ashine and Ebstie, \{Yehenew Asmamaw\} and Rayyan Ibrahim and Adrienne Epstein and John Bradley and Mujahid Nouredayem and Michael, \{Mikiyas G.\} and Amani Sidiahmed and Nigatu Negash and Abena Kochora and Sulieman, \{Jihad Eltaher\} and Alison Reynolds and Eba Alemayehu and Endalew Zemene and Adane Eyasu and Alemayehu Dagne and Elifaged Hailemeskel and Fatou Jaiteh and Dereje Geleta and Ephrem Lejore and David Weetman and Hussien, \{Ahmed Mahmoud\} and Fadwa Saad and Gudissa Assefa and Hiwot Solomon and Abdelgadir Bashir and Fekadu Massebo and Koen Peeters and Delenasaw Yewhalaw and Kafy, \{Hmooda Toto\} and Martin Donnelly and Endalamaw Gadisa and Malik, \{Elfatih M.\} and Anne Wilson",

year = "2024",

month = sep,

day = "3",

doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0309058",

language = "English",

volume = "19",

journal = "PLoS ONE",

publisher = "Public Library of Science",

number = "9 September",

}

Ashine, T, Ebstie, YA, Ibrahim, R, Epstein, A, Bradley, J, Nouredayem, M, Michael, MG, Sidiahmed, A, Negash, N, Kochora, A, Sulieman, JE, Reynolds, A, Alemayehu, E, Zemene, E, Eyasu, A, Dagne, A, Hailemeskel, E, Jaiteh, F, Geleta, D, Lejore, E, Weetman, D, Hussien, AM, Saad, F, Assefa, G, Solomon, H, Bashir, A, Massebo, F, Peeters, K, Yewhalaw, D, Kafy, HT, Donnelly, M, Gadisa, E, Malik, EM & Wilson, A 2024, 'Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol', PLoS ONE, vol. 19, no. 9 September, e0309058. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309058

TY - JOUR

T1 - Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol

AU - Ashine, Temesgen

AU - Ebstie, Yehenew Asmamaw

AU - Ibrahim, Rayyan

AU - Epstein, Adrienne

AU - Bradley, John

AU - Nouredayem, Mujahid

AU - Michael, Mikiyas G.

AU - Sidiahmed, Amani

AU - Negash, Nigatu

AU - Kochora, Abena

AU - Sulieman, Jihad Eltaher

AU - Reynolds, Alison

AU - Alemayehu, Eba

AU - Zemene, Endalew

AU - Eyasu, Adane

AU - Dagne, Alemayehu

AU - Hailemeskel, Elifaged

AU - Jaiteh, Fatou

AU - Geleta, Dereje

AU - Lejore, Ephrem

AU - Weetman, David

AU - Hussien, Ahmed Mahmoud

AU - Saad, Fadwa

AU - Assefa, Gudissa

AU - Solomon, Hiwot

AU - Bashir, Abdelgadir

AU - Massebo, Fekadu

AU - Peeters, Koen

AU - Yewhalaw, Delenasaw

AU - Kafy, Hmooda Toto

AU - Donnelly, Martin

AU - Gadisa, Endalamaw

AU - Malik, Elfatih M.

AU - Wilson, Anne

PY - 2024/9/3

Y1 - 2024/9/3

N2 - BackgroundEndemic African malaria vectors are poorly adapted to typical urban ecologies. However, Anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector formerly confined to South Asia and the Persian Gulf, was recently detected in Africa and may change the epidemiology of malaria across the continent. Little is known about the public health implications of An. stephensi in Africa. This study is designed to assess the relative importance of household exposure to An. stephensi and endemic malaria vectors for malaria risk in urban Sudan and Ethiopia.MethodsCase-control studies will be conducted in 3 urban settings (2 in Sudan, 1 in Ethiopia) to assess the association between presence of An. stephensi in and around households and malaria. Cases, defined as individuals positive for Plasmodium falciparum and/or P. vivax by microscopy/rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and controls, defined as age-matched individuals negative for P. falciparum and/or P. vivax by microscopy/RDT, will be recruited from public health facilities. Both household surveys and entomological surveillance for adult and immature mosquitoes will be conducted at participant homes within 48 hours of enrolment. Adult and immature mosquitoes will be identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Conditional logistic regression will be used to estimate the association between presence of An. stephensi and malaria status, adjusted for co-occurrence of other malaria vectors and participant gender.ConclusionsFindings from this study will provide evidence of the relative importance of An. stephensi for malaria burden in urban African settings, shedding light on the need for future intervention planning and policy development.

AB - BackgroundEndemic African malaria vectors are poorly adapted to typical urban ecologies. However, Anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector formerly confined to South Asia and the Persian Gulf, was recently detected in Africa and may change the epidemiology of malaria across the continent. Little is known about the public health implications of An. stephensi in Africa. This study is designed to assess the relative importance of household exposure to An. stephensi and endemic malaria vectors for malaria risk in urban Sudan and Ethiopia.MethodsCase-control studies will be conducted in 3 urban settings (2 in Sudan, 1 in Ethiopia) to assess the association between presence of An. stephensi in and around households and malaria. Cases, defined as individuals positive for Plasmodium falciparum and/or P. vivax by microscopy/rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and controls, defined as age-matched individuals negative for P. falciparum and/or P. vivax by microscopy/RDT, will be recruited from public health facilities. Both household surveys and entomological surveillance for adult and immature mosquitoes will be conducted at participant homes within 48 hours of enrolment. Adult and immature mosquitoes will be identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Conditional logistic regression will be used to estimate the association between presence of An. stephensi and malaria status, adjusted for co-occurrence of other malaria vectors and participant gender.ConclusionsFindings from this study will provide evidence of the relative importance of An. stephensi for malaria burden in urban African settings, shedding light on the need for future intervention planning and policy development.

U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0309058

DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0309058

M3 - Article

VL - 19

JO - PLoS ONE

JF - PLoS ONE

IS - 9 September

M1 - e0309058

ER -

Investigating the association between household exposure to Anopheles stephensi and malaria in Sudan and Ethiopia: A case-control study protocol

Abstract

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