TY - JOUR
T1 - First detection of kdr L1014F allele in Anopheles ziemanni and Anopheles pharoensis in Cameroon and distribution of the allele in members of the Anopheles gambiae complex
AU - Mayi, Marie Paul Audrey
AU - Nkondjio, Christophe
AU - Bamou, Roland
AU - Damiani, Claudia
AU - Cappelli, Alessia
AU - Djiappi-Tchamen, Borel
AU - Djamouko-Djonkam, Landre
AU - Ilbeigi Khamseh Nejad, Mahdokht
AU - Pichler, Verena
AU - Ricci, Irene
AU - Favia, Guido
PY - 2024/8/27
Y1 - 2024/8/27
N2 - BackgroundKnockdown resistance (kdr) is one of the primary resistance mechanisms present in anopheline species. Although this mutation is largely spread across the Anopheles gambiae s.l. members, its prevalence in other species is still not well documented.MethodsThe present study investigated the distribution and allelic frequencies of kdr in An. gambiae s.l., An. pharoensis, and An. ziemanni samples collected in 2022 and 2023 in nine sites spread across five ecogeographical settings in Cameroon. Members of the An. gambiae complex were identified molecularly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). kdr L1014F and L1014S alleles were screened by PCR and confirmed by sequencing.ResultsAn. gambiae (49.9%), An. coluzzii (36.5%), and An. arabiensis (13%) were identified, and the frequency of the kdr L1014F was high in both An. gambiae and An. coluzzii in all sites. The kdr L1014F allele was detected for the first time in 8 out of 14 An. ziemanni samples examined and in 5 out of 22 An. pharoensis samples examined. The kdr L1014S allele was scarce and found only in the heterozygote “RS” state in An. arabiensis and An. gambiae in Yangah and Santchou.ConclusionsThe present study sheds light on the rapid expansion of the kdr L1014F allele in malaria vectors in Cameroon and stresses the need for surveillance activities also targeting secondary malaria vectors to improve the control of malaria transmission.
AB - BackgroundKnockdown resistance (kdr) is one of the primary resistance mechanisms present in anopheline species. Although this mutation is largely spread across the Anopheles gambiae s.l. members, its prevalence in other species is still not well documented.MethodsThe present study investigated the distribution and allelic frequencies of kdr in An. gambiae s.l., An. pharoensis, and An. ziemanni samples collected in 2022 and 2023 in nine sites spread across five ecogeographical settings in Cameroon. Members of the An. gambiae complex were identified molecularly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). kdr L1014F and L1014S alleles were screened by PCR and confirmed by sequencing.ResultsAn. gambiae (49.9%), An. coluzzii (36.5%), and An. arabiensis (13%) were identified, and the frequency of the kdr L1014F was high in both An. gambiae and An. coluzzii in all sites. The kdr L1014F allele was detected for the first time in 8 out of 14 An. ziemanni samples examined and in 5 out of 22 An. pharoensis samples examined. The kdr L1014S allele was scarce and found only in the heterozygote “RS” state in An. arabiensis and An. gambiae in Yangah and Santchou.ConclusionsThe present study sheds light on the rapid expansion of the kdr L1014F allele in malaria vectors in Cameroon and stresses the need for surveillance activities also targeting secondary malaria vectors to improve the control of malaria transmission.
KW - Anopheles arabiensis
KW - Anopheles coluzzii
KW - Anopheles gambiae
KW - Anopheles pharoensis
KW - Anopheles ziemanni
KW - Cameroon
KW - Insecticide resistance
KW - kdr mutation
KW - Malaria
U2 - 10.1186/s13071-024-06420-4
DO - 10.1186/s13071-024-06420-4
M3 - Article
SN - 1756-3305
VL - 17
SP - e363
JO - Parasites and Vectors
JF - Parasites and Vectors
IS - 1
M1 - 363
ER -
