TY - JOUR
T1 - Extended spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistant Escherichia coli: trends and seasonality in the Netherlands from 2014–2022
AU - Brouwer, Michael S.M.
AU - de Freitas Costa, Eduardo
AU - Dame-Korevaar, Anita
AU - Roberts, Adam
AU - Veldman, Kees T.
PY - 2024/11/12
Y1 - 2024/11/12
N2 - BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock and the environment likely contribute to the prevalence of AMR in humans with potential detrimental effects on human health. As such, annual mandatory monitoring of AMR in livestock occurs within the European Union (EU), according to harmonised methods. Extended-spectrum cephalosporins-resistant (ESC-resistant) Escherichia coli, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC) and carbapenemase producing E. coli, are considered of particular importance and are therefore included in the monitoring program.MethodsUsing results from the annual monitoring of ESC-resistant E. coli from 2014–2022, trends in prevalence per animal sector were determined over the complete time period, as well as potential seasonal effects.ResultsDuring these nine years, significant changes were observed in the prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli, in broilers, dairy cattle and veal calves, while no changes in prevalence were seen in slaughter pigs. Furthermore, the prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli is positively correlated with warmer seasons (summer and autumn) for both dairy cattle and veal calves, while no associations were found for broilers and slaughter pigs. While temperature itself may play a role in the prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli, other factors affecting the selective landscape, such as antibiotic usage, will also play a role.ConclusionA combined analysis of antimicrobial usage and prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli through the year, both in livestock and human samples, would be an interesting follow-up of this study.
AB - BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock and the environment likely contribute to the prevalence of AMR in humans with potential detrimental effects on human health. As such, annual mandatory monitoring of AMR in livestock occurs within the European Union (EU), according to harmonised methods. Extended-spectrum cephalosporins-resistant (ESC-resistant) Escherichia coli, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC) and carbapenemase producing E. coli, are considered of particular importance and are therefore included in the monitoring program.MethodsUsing results from the annual monitoring of ESC-resistant E. coli from 2014–2022, trends in prevalence per animal sector were determined over the complete time period, as well as potential seasonal effects.ResultsDuring these nine years, significant changes were observed in the prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli, in broilers, dairy cattle and veal calves, while no changes in prevalence were seen in slaughter pigs. Furthermore, the prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli is positively correlated with warmer seasons (summer and autumn) for both dairy cattle and veal calves, while no associations were found for broilers and slaughter pigs. While temperature itself may play a role in the prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli, other factors affecting the selective landscape, such as antibiotic usage, will also play a role.ConclusionA combined analysis of antimicrobial usage and prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli through the year, both in livestock and human samples, would be an interesting follow-up of this study.
KW - AMR
KW - ESBL
KW - Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant
KW - Livestock
KW - Season
U2 - 10.1016/j.soh.2024.100083
DO - 10.1016/j.soh.2024.100083
M3 - Article
SN - 2949-7043
VL - 3
SP - 100083
JO - Science in One Health
JF - Science in One Health
M1 - 100083
ER -
