Electrocoagulation as a green technology for phosphate removal from river water

The current study investigates the removal of phosphate from water using a new baffle plates aluminium-based electrochemical cell (PBPR) taking consideration the influence of key operating parameters. This new cell utilises perforated baffle plates as a water mixer rather than magnetic stirrers that require extra power to work. As this unit is new, a comprehensive study has been carried to assess it performance. This study also includes preliminary estimates of the reactor's operating costs, the amount of H₂ gas produced and the yieldable energy from it. SEM (scanning electron microscope) was used to investigate the influence of the electrocoagulation process on the morphology of the surface of aluminium electrodes, and an empirical model developed to reproduce the phosphate removal process. The results showed that 99% of phosphate was removed within 60 min of electrolysis at an initial pH (ipH) of 6, inter-electrode distance (ID) of 0.5 cm, current density (J) of 6 mA/cm², initial concentration of phosphate (IC) of 100 mg/L, and minimum operating cost of 0.503 US $/m³. The electrochemical cell produced enough H₂ gas to generate 4.34 kWh/m³ of power. Statistically, it was proved that the influence of the operating parameters on phosphate removal could be modelled with an R² of 0.882, the influence of these operating parameters on phosphate removal following the order: t>J>IC>ipH>ID. Finally, SEM images showed that after several electrolysing runs, the Al anode became rough and nonuniform which could be related to the production of aluminium hydroxides.