Differential antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum invasion ligand proteins in individuals living in malaria-endemic areas in Brazil and Cameroon

Antibody responses to malaria invasion ligands and proteins on the merozoite surface have been shown to interfere with red cell invasion and correlate with immunity to malaria. The current study is the first to characterize the antibody responses to EBA-140 and EBA-181, Plasmodium falciparum invasion ligands implicated in the alternative pathways of invasion, in age-matched populations of individuals living in endemic areas in both Brazil and Cameroon. Antibody responses to the proteins screened were different between populations. The African individuals reacted strongly with most fragments of these two EBAs, while the majority of the individuals from Mato Grosso, Brazil, reacted weakly and those from the Amazon had elevated responses to these EBA proteins. When compared with the responses against MSP-1 19 and EBA-175, it appeared that the Brazilian population has a variable ability to recognize P. falciparum invasion ligand proteins and that these responses are distinct from the African population.