TY - JOUR
T1 - Community evaluation of VECTRON™ T500 (broflanilide) for indoor residual spraying for malaria vector control in Siaya county, Kenya
AU - Wekesa, Celestine N.
AU - Polo, Brian
AU - Muchoki, Margaret
AU - Omondi, Seline
AU - Kipsum, Mathew
AU - Abong’o, Bernard
AU - Machani, Maxwell G.
AU - Bange, Teresa
AU - Abbey, Ismael
AU - Kiptoo, Paul
AU - Mburugu, Patrick
AU - Keitany, Kibor
AU - Sang, David
AU - Ramaita, Edith
AU - Ochomo, Eric
PY - 2025/11/29
Y1 - 2025/11/29
N2 - Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) remains a core malaria vector control intervention, but widespread insecticide resistance threatens its effectiveness. VECTRON™ T500, containing broflanilide, represents a novel IRS product with a new mode of action targeting GABA receptors. Methods: A two-arm non-inferiority study was conducted in Bar Olengo, Siaya County, Kenya, between June and November 2024. Twenty-five structures per arm were sprayed with either VECTRON™ T500 (100 mg a.i/m2) or Actellic™ 300CS (1 g a.i/m2), with five water-sprayed controls. Residual efficacy was assessed using world health organization (WHO) cone bioassays with pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) Bungoma strain and susceptible Kisumu strain monthly for six months. Wild vector susceptibility to insecticides, community acceptability, and adverse events were evaluated. Results: VECTRON™ T500 maintained significantly higher mortality than Actellic™ 300CS throughout six months on both wall types. Against resistant An. gambiae s.s. Bungoma strain, VECTRON™ T500 achieved 98.73 ± 3.51% mortality (95% CI 97.95–99.51%) compared to 80.22 ± 11.23% for Actellic™ 300CS (95% CI 77.72–82.72%; t₇₈ = − 10.15, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 2.27). For susceptible Kisumu strain, VECTRON™ T500 maintained 100% mortality versus 89.60 ± 6.34% for Actellic™ 300CS (95% CI 88.19–91.01%; t₇₈ = 10.53, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 2.38). Actellic™ 300CS efficacy declined below 80% after month 4, while VECTRON™ T500 remained > 95% effective throughout. Wild An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) and Anopheles funestus s.l. showed 100% susceptibility to broflanilide with no cross-resistance detected. No adverse events occurred in VECTRON™ T500 households versus 8% (12/150) in Actellic™ 300CS households. Community acceptance was 100% for VECTRON™ T500 versus 99.33% (149/150) for Actellic™ 300CS, though this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: VECTRON™ T500 demonstrated superior residual efficacy, excellent safety profile, and high community acceptance compared to Actellic™ 300CS. Its novel mode of action and absence of cross-resistance to pirimiphos-methyl and pyrethroids make it valuable for insecticide resistance management in malaria vector control programmes.
AB - Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) remains a core malaria vector control intervention, but widespread insecticide resistance threatens its effectiveness. VECTRON™ T500, containing broflanilide, represents a novel IRS product with a new mode of action targeting GABA receptors. Methods: A two-arm non-inferiority study was conducted in Bar Olengo, Siaya County, Kenya, between June and November 2024. Twenty-five structures per arm were sprayed with either VECTRON™ T500 (100 mg a.i/m2) or Actellic™ 300CS (1 g a.i/m2), with five water-sprayed controls. Residual efficacy was assessed using world health organization (WHO) cone bioassays with pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) Bungoma strain and susceptible Kisumu strain monthly for six months. Wild vector susceptibility to insecticides, community acceptability, and adverse events were evaluated. Results: VECTRON™ T500 maintained significantly higher mortality than Actellic™ 300CS throughout six months on both wall types. Against resistant An. gambiae s.s. Bungoma strain, VECTRON™ T500 achieved 98.73 ± 3.51% mortality (95% CI 97.95–99.51%) compared to 80.22 ± 11.23% for Actellic™ 300CS (95% CI 77.72–82.72%; t₇₈ = − 10.15, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 2.27). For susceptible Kisumu strain, VECTRON™ T500 maintained 100% mortality versus 89.60 ± 6.34% for Actellic™ 300CS (95% CI 88.19–91.01%; t₇₈ = 10.53, p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 2.38). Actellic™ 300CS efficacy declined below 80% after month 4, while VECTRON™ T500 remained > 95% effective throughout. Wild An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) and Anopheles funestus s.l. showed 100% susceptibility to broflanilide with no cross-resistance detected. No adverse events occurred in VECTRON™ T500 households versus 8% (12/150) in Actellic™ 300CS households. Community acceptance was 100% for VECTRON™ T500 versus 99.33% (149/150) for Actellic™ 300CS, though this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: VECTRON™ T500 demonstrated superior residual efficacy, excellent safety profile, and high community acceptance compared to Actellic™ 300CS. Its novel mode of action and absence of cross-resistance to pirimiphos-methyl and pyrethroids make it valuable for insecticide resistance management in malaria vector control programmes.
KW - Anopheles gambiae
KW - Broflanilide
KW - Indoor residual spraying
KW - Insecticide resistance
KW - Kenya
KW - Malaria vector control
U2 - 10.1186/s12936-025-05688-w
DO - 10.1186/s12936-025-05688-w
M3 - Article
C2 - 41318479
AN - SCOPUS:105026491176
SN - 1475-2875
VL - 25
JO - Malaria Journal
JF - Malaria Journal
IS - 1
M1 - 7
ER -
