Clay ingestion adverse health experiences during pregnancy among African women in London

Background/Aims Scientific evidence points to the health risks associated with clay ingestion during pregnancy. However, little is known about African migrant women's self-reported adverse health experiences from the practice, as well as adapted mitigating measures. This study aimed to explore these experiences to diversify the knowledge base.

Methods This qualitative study used an interpretative phenomenological approach. Data were gathered from a purposive sample of 30 participants through individual semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed thematically.

Results Self-reported adverse health experiences were mainly constipation and iron deficiency anaemia. Remedies applied included increased fibre and water intake, a traditional herb-clay mixture and medical interventions in the form of constipation pumps and laxatives. Anaemia resulted in blood transfusion and iron infusion in some cases.

Conclusions Despite the known risks or drawbacks, many women continued to ingest clay during pregnancy, as it was a traditional or cultural practice in their communities. This could cause effects severe enough to merit medical intervention. Implications for practice Community-led interventions in collaboration with public health authorities and practitioners that engage women regarding the potential health risks for mothers and their babies should be prioritised.