Change over time (2007-2009) in HIV preventive behaviours, evidence from two serial population-based surveys in rural Zimbabwe

Objective To assess reported HIV knowledge and attitudes, sexual behaviours and HIV testing in Zimbabwe. Methods Representative household surveys of all 18-24year olds and a proportion of 25-44year olds were conducted in six purposefully selected rural districts in two provinces in 2007 and 2009. Both surveys used the same methods and questionnaires. We compared differences in reported HIV knowledge, sexual behaviours and HIV testing, controlling for differences in socio-demographics at baseline, using cross-tabulations and multivariate regression analyses. Results Analysis was restricted to districts included in both baseline (n=1891) and mid-term (n=2746) surveys. Comparisons indicate increased reports of HIV knowledge (35%vs. 22% had high knowledge) and more favourable individual attitudes towards HIV. There was an increase in reported HIV testing (men: 41%vs. 31%, women: 55%vs. 36%) and condom use (men: adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.35, women: AOR=1.22) and a decrease in number of sexual partners (men: 67%vs. 49% reported 1 partner/previous 6months, women: 77%vs. 68%). Conclusions As Zimbabwe continues to document declines in HIV prevalence, this analysis offers insight into recent and continuing positive changes in knowledge, attitudes and behaviours among the rural population.