Analysis of commercially available snake antivenoms reveals high contents of endotoxins in some products

Gabriela Solano; Stuart Ainsworth; Adriana Sánchez; Mauren Villalta; Paola Sánchez; Gina Durán; José María Gutiérrez; Guillermo León

doi:10.1016/j.toxcx.2024.100187

Analysis of commercially available snake antivenoms reveals high contents of endotoxins in some products

Gabriela Solano, Stuart Ainsworth, Adriana Sánchez, Mauren Villalta, Paola Sánchez, Gina Durán, José María Gutiérrez, Guillermo León

Tropical Disease Biology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

As injectable therapeutics, snake antivenoms must meet specifications for endotoxin content. The Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test was used to evaluate the endotoxin content in several commercially available antivenoms released for clinical use. It was found that some products have endotoxin concentrations higher than the accepted limit for these contaminants. These results emphasize the need to include endotoxin determination as part of the routine evaluation of antivenoms by manufacturers and regulatory agencies.

Original language	English
Article number	100187
Journal	Toxicon: X
Volume	21
Early online date	15 Feb 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxcx.2024.100187
Publication status	Published - 19 Feb 2024

Keywords

Endotoxin
Limulus amebocyte lysate test
Pyrogen
Snake antivenom

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10.1016/j.toxcx.2024.100187Licence: CC BY

1-s2.0-S2590171024000043-mainFinal published version, 319 KBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Analysis of commercially available snake antivenoms reveals high contents of endotoxins in some products",

abstract = "As injectable therapeutics, snake antivenoms must meet specifications for endotoxin content. The Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test was used to evaluate the endotoxin content in several commercially available antivenoms released for clinical use. It was found that some products have endotoxin concentrations higher than the accepted limit for these contaminants. These results emphasize the need to include endotoxin determination as part of the routine evaluation of antivenoms by manufacturers and regulatory agencies.",

keywords = "Endotoxin, Limulus amebocyte lysate test, Pyrogen, Snake antivenom",

author = "Gabriela Solano and Stuart Ainsworth and Adriana S{\'a}nchez and Mauren Villalta and Paola S{\'a}nchez and Gina Dur{\'a}n and Guti{\'e}rrez, \{Jos{\'e} Mar{\'i}a\} and Guillermo Le{\'o}n",

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doi = "10.1016/j.toxcx.2024.100187",

language = "English",

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T1 - Analysis of commercially available snake antivenoms reveals high contents of endotoxins in some products

AU - Solano, Gabriela

AU - Ainsworth, Stuart

AU - Sánchez, Adriana

AU - Villalta, Mauren

AU - Sánchez, Paola

AU - Durán, Gina

AU - Gutiérrez, José María

AU - León, Guillermo

PY - 2024/2/19

Y1 - 2024/2/19

N2 - As injectable therapeutics, snake antivenoms must meet specifications for endotoxin content. The Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test was used to evaluate the endotoxin content in several commercially available antivenoms released for clinical use. It was found that some products have endotoxin concentrations higher than the accepted limit for these contaminants. These results emphasize the need to include endotoxin determination as part of the routine evaluation of antivenoms by manufacturers and regulatory agencies.

AB - As injectable therapeutics, snake antivenoms must meet specifications for endotoxin content. The Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test was used to evaluate the endotoxin content in several commercially available antivenoms released for clinical use. It was found that some products have endotoxin concentrations higher than the accepted limit for these contaminants. These results emphasize the need to include endotoxin determination as part of the routine evaluation of antivenoms by manufacturers and regulatory agencies.

KW - Endotoxin

KW - Limulus amebocyte lysate test

KW - Pyrogen

KW - Snake antivenom

U2 - 10.1016/j.toxcx.2024.100187

DO - 10.1016/j.toxcx.2024.100187

M3 - Article

SN - 2590-1710

VL - 21

JO - Toxicon: X

JF - Toxicon: X

M1 - 100187

ER -

Analysis of commercially available snake antivenoms reveals high contents of endotoxins in some products

Abstract

Keywords

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