TY - JOUR
T1 - A randomized open label trial of tamoxifen combined with amphotericin B and fluconazole for cryptococcal meningitis
AU - Ngan, Nguyen Thi Thuy
AU - Mai, Nguyen Thi Hoang
AU - Tung, Nguyen Le Nhu
AU - Lan, Nguyen Phu Huong
AU - Tai, Luong Thi Hue
AU - Phu, Nguyen Hoan
AU - Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh
AU - Binh, Tran Quang
AU - Hung, Le Quoc
AU - Beardsley, Justin
AU - White, Nicholas
AU - Lalloo, David
AU - Krysan, Damian
AU - Hope, William
AU - Geskus, Ronald
AU - Wolbers, Marcel
AU - Nhat, Le Thanh Hoang
AU - Thwaites, Guy
AU - Kestelyn, Evelyne
AU - Day, Jeremy
PY - 2019/1/22
Y1 - 2019/1/22
N2 - Background: Cryptococcal meningitis is a leading cause of death in HIV-infected patients. International treatment guidelines recommend induction therapy with amphotericin B and flucytosine. This antifungal combination is most effective, but unfortunately flucytosine is expensive and unavailable where the burden of disease is greatest. Where unavailable, guidelines recommend treatment with amphotericin and fluconazole, but this is less effective, with mortality rates of 40-50%. Faster rates of clearance of yeast from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are associated with better outcomes - improving the potency of antifungal therapy is likely to be an effective strategy to improve survival. Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to treat breast cancer, has anti-cryptococcal activity, appearing synergistic when combined in vitro with amphotericin, and fungicidal when combined with fluconazole. It is concentrated in the brain and macrophages, off-patent, cheap and widely available. We designed a randomized trial to deliver initial efficacy and safety data for tamoxifen combined with amphotericin and fluconazole.Method: A phase II, open-label, randomized (1:1) controlled trial of tamoxifen (300mg/day) combined with amphotericin (1mg/kg/day) and fluconazole (800mg/day) for the first 2 weeks therapy for HIV infected or uninfected adults with cryptococcal meningitis. The study recruits at Cho Ray Hospital and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The primary end point is Early Fungicidal Activity (EFA-the rate of yeast clearance from CSF), over the first two weeks of treatment. 50 patients will be recruited providing ≈80% and 90% power to detect a difference in the EFA of -0.11 or -0.13 log10CFU/ml/day, respectively.Discussion: The results of the study will inform the decision to proceed to a larger trial powered to mortality. The size of effect detectable has previously been associated with reduced mortality from this devastating disease. Particular side effects of interest include QT prolongation.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03112031 (11/04/2017)
AB - Background: Cryptococcal meningitis is a leading cause of death in HIV-infected patients. International treatment guidelines recommend induction therapy with amphotericin B and flucytosine. This antifungal combination is most effective, but unfortunately flucytosine is expensive and unavailable where the burden of disease is greatest. Where unavailable, guidelines recommend treatment with amphotericin and fluconazole, but this is less effective, with mortality rates of 40-50%. Faster rates of clearance of yeast from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are associated with better outcomes - improving the potency of antifungal therapy is likely to be an effective strategy to improve survival. Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to treat breast cancer, has anti-cryptococcal activity, appearing synergistic when combined in vitro with amphotericin, and fungicidal when combined with fluconazole. It is concentrated in the brain and macrophages, off-patent, cheap and widely available. We designed a randomized trial to deliver initial efficacy and safety data for tamoxifen combined with amphotericin and fluconazole.Method: A phase II, open-label, randomized (1:1) controlled trial of tamoxifen (300mg/day) combined with amphotericin (1mg/kg/day) and fluconazole (800mg/day) for the first 2 weeks therapy for HIV infected or uninfected adults with cryptococcal meningitis. The study recruits at Cho Ray Hospital and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The primary end point is Early Fungicidal Activity (EFA-the rate of yeast clearance from CSF), over the first two weeks of treatment. 50 patients will be recruited providing ≈80% and 90% power to detect a difference in the EFA of -0.11 or -0.13 log10CFU/ml/day, respectively.Discussion: The results of the study will inform the decision to proceed to a larger trial powered to mortality. The size of effect detectable has previously been associated with reduced mortality from this devastating disease. Particular side effects of interest include QT prolongation.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03112031 (11/04/2017)
KW - Amphotericin B
KW - Antifungal therapy
KW - Cryptococcal meningitis
KW - Crytococcus
KW - Drug re-purposing
KW - Fluconazole
KW - Tamoxifen
U2 - 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15010.1
DO - 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15010.1
M3 - Article
SN - 2398-502X
VL - 4
JO - Wellcome Open Research
JF - Wellcome Open Research
M1 - 8
ER -
